<p>The Royal Brewster House is a historic house on Brewster Lane in the Buxton Lower Corner village of Buxton, Maine, United States. Built in 1805, it is an imposing Federal style house in a relatively rural setting. It was built for Dr. Royal Brewster, the town physician for about 40 years, and was the home for many years of Brewster&#39;s brother John, a well-known deaf-mute itinerant painter of folk portraiture. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Brewster House is set on the north side of Brewster Lane, a short road that forms a triangular island with Maine State Route 112 and United States Route 202. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, five bays wide, with a low-pitch hip roof, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. The main facade has a center entry, which is flanked by sidelight windows and topped by a recessed arch. This is sheltered by a Greek Revival portico, with square columns at the front and pilasters at the rear. The cornice features fine Federal style decorative carving. To the rear of the house a two-story ell extends, joining the main house to a carriage house and barn. The house interior features restrained Federal period woodwork throughout, and a parlor decorated with French wallpaper in 1859.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1805 by Joseph Woodman, a prominent local builder and businessman. It was built for Dr. Royal Brewster, who had married a Buxton native in 1795 and settled there. Brewster served as the town doctor for about forty years, and provided space in the home for his brother John. John was born a deaf-mute, and was educated despite the handicap, and made a career for himself as an itinerant painter of portraits. He traveled widely practicing his art, and his work is highly regarded.</p><br>
<p>Fort Santo Angel was a Spanish fortress on the island of Guam, now a United States territory. Located on a promontory on the west coast of the island in the northernmost part the Umatac Bay in Umatac, the fort&#39;s remains are among the oldest known Spanish-era structures on the island; a fort is documented to have been standing here since 1742, and to still be in use in the early 19th century. The fort provided protection for the anchorage used by Spanish galleons on the trade route between Manila  and Acapulco, Mexico . Perched on a monolith, there remains a plaza 40 x of flagstone surrounded by a manposteria  wall 1 ft high and 18 in thick. The remains of a guardroom and a second, smaller platform, lie to its west.</p><br>
<p>The Buxton Powder House is a historic military storage magazine in Buxton, Maine. Built in 1813, this small brick building housed the community&#39;s military supplies during the War of 1812, and is one of three such structures to survive in the state. It is located in a field off Long Plains Road near the center of the town. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Buxton Powder Magazine is a small brick building, about 10 x in size, with a pyramidal roof and a granite foundation. It stands in a wooded area, about 250 m west of Long Plains Road (Maine State Route 22). Its walls are about 1 ft thick. A heavy wooden door is attached via two wrought iron hinges. The walls of the interior are lined with wooden shelves.</p><br>
<p>After the War of 1812 broke out in March 1812, the town voted to construct a magazine for the storage of its military supplies, which had been held in a private residence. This building was completed in 1813 by Theodore Elwell for $59, and was used to house the town supply of gunpowder, lead ball, flints, and other supplies. It is only one of three such town-built structures in the state; the others are in Hallowell and Wiscasset.</p><br>
<p>Burnside Plantation House is a historic plantation house located near Williamsboro, Vance County, North Carolina. The house in its current form was constructed ca. 1800, remodeled before 1824, includes interior carved woodwork characteristic of the classic revival style and a colonial-era smokehouse dated to about 1760. It is a two-story, five-bay, Federal style frame dwelling with a sheathed weatherboard and gabled roof. Each gable end has a pair of brick chimneys with stepped weatherings.</p><br>
<p>Originally the home of Memucan Hunt, early American statesman and first Treasurer of North Carolina, during the American Civil War, it was the residence of Thomas Hardy, whose daughter, Pinckney Hardy, became the mother of General Douglas MacArthur.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Pool Rock Plantation is a historic plantation house located near Williamsboro, Vance County, North Carolina. It consists of two, two-story sections. The older was built in 1757 by James Mitchell, an immigrant from Lunenburg County, Virginia. His daughter, Amy Mitchell, married Michael Satterwhite in the house in 1759. It is a two-story, three-bay, Federal style frame structure. It forms the rear section. About 1855, a more ornate two-story, three-bay, Italianate style frame structure attributed to Jacob W. Holt . The later section has a shallow hipped roof and overhanging eaves. The two sections are joined by a two-story hallway linker. Also on the property is a contributing one-story, hip roof office building.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Pleasant Hill, also known as Rivenoak and Hawkins House, is a historic plantation house located near Middleburg, Vance County, North Carolina. It was built in 1759 and remodeled in the 1850s in the Greek Revival style. It is a -story, five-bay, Georgian double pile plan frame dwelling. It has a moderately steep gable roof with dormers and double-shoulder brick chimneys. The original dwelling was probably built by Philemon Hawkins, Jr., and birthplace of Governor William Hawkins .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Belvidere, also known as the Boyd House, is a historic plantation house located near Williamsboro, Vance County, North Carolina. It is attributed to architect Jacob W. Holt and built about 1850. It is a two-story, double-pile frame Greek Revival / Italianate style frame dwelling. It has a high hipped roof with bracketed eaves. The front facade features a full-width porch with hipped roof and brackets. Also on the property is a contributing one-story, heavy timber-frame school house .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>Machpelah, also known as Macpelah, McPelah, and the Robert B. Taylor Farm, is a historic home and farm located near Townsville, Vance County, North Carolina. The Edward O. Taylor House was built about 1880, and is a two-story, T-shaped, vernacular frame dwelling with Greek Revival, Queen Anne, and Colonial Revival details. Also on the property are the contributing single-story, timber-frame Greek Revival plantation office building ; oil house ; well ; salting house and dovecote; privy ; henhouse ; flower pit ; -story modest Colonial Revival style guesthouse ; five tenant houses ; feed house ; two stables ; corn crib ; two cemeteries; and the farm landscape.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<p>Ashburn Hall, also known as the Capehart House, is a historic plantation house located near Kittrell, Vance County, North Carolina. It was built in the 1840s or early 1850s, and is a two‑story, three‑bay, T‑shaped frame dwelling in a restrained Greek Revival style. It features a broad, one‑story pedimented entrance portico, with four spaced, paired fluted Tuscan order columns.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Capehart House is a historic home located near Kittrell, Vance County, North Carolina. It was built between 1866 and 1870, and is a small two-story, L-shaped frame board-and-batten, dwelling in the Downingesque Gothic style. It features ornate bargeboards, sawn ornament, and traceried windows. Also on the property is a contributing small outbuilding, also of board-and-batten.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Josiah Crudup House is a historic home located near Kittrell, Vance County, North Carolina. It was built between 1833 and 1837, purchased by Josiah Crudup around 1835, and was originally a version of the tripartite Federal style composition and consisted of a two-story, three-bay, central section with one-story flanking wings. It was later enlarged and modified to its present form as a two-story central portion, topped by a steep pediment, and flanking two-story sections each with rather steep hip roofs. The house contained the first residential elevator in North Carolina.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Barker House is a historic home located near Henderson, Vance County, North Carolina. It was built about 1764, with an addition built about 1774. It is a -story, five-bay, single pile, heavy timber frame dwelling. The interior has a hall-parlor plan. It was renovated in 2014, with a rebuilt full-width engaged front porch.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.</p><br>
<p>Henderson Central Business Historic District is a national historic district located at Henderson, Vance County, North Carolina. It encompasses 91 contributing buildings and 1 contributing structure in the central business district of Henderson. The district developed between about 1881 and 1937 and includes notable examples of Romanesque Revival and Classical Revival architecture styles. Located in the district are the separately listed Henderson Fire Station and Municipal Building, Vance County Courthouse, and Zollicoffers Law Office. Other notable buildings include the  First National Bank , Davis Department Store , P. H. Rose Building , Gaston Railroad Depot , Pogues Tobacco Works , J, A. Kelly Tobacco Prizehouse ,  H. Leslie Perry Public Library ,  United States Post Office  designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect under James Knox Taylor, O&#39;Neil Building , First United Methodist Church , Holy Innocents Episcopal Church , and First Presbyterian Church .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Library and Laboratory Building-Henderson Institute is a historic school building located at Henderson, Vance County, North Carolina. It was built in 1928, and is a plain, two-story brick building with Colonial Revival style design elements. It is the only surviving reminder of the Henderson Institute that was established in the town of Henderson in Vance County in 1887. The Henderson Institute was established by the Freedmen&#39;s Mission Board of the United Presbyterian Church of North America to provide secondary education for African-Americans. The building houses the Henderson Institute Historical Museum.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The Casa de Rancho Cucamonga, commonly known as the John Rains House, is a historic house located at 8810 Hemlock St. in Rancho Cucamonga, California. The house was built in 1860–1861 after John Rains purchased the Rancho Cucamonga land grant in 1858 from the Tapia estate. The brick house featured its own cooling system, which used ducts to send creek water under the house. John Rains was a prominent businessman and socialite who opened Californias first commercial winery, and his house hosted lavish parties for other local elites. Rains fortunes soon took a turn for the worse, though; he had to mortgage the house after several business failings, and in 1862 he was murdered. Maria Merced Williams, Rains wife, who had originally inherited the property from her father, attempted to regain ownership after Rains death but the rancho was gradually parceled out until she lost the entire property in the 1870s due in part to Rains arranging through his personal attorney to have only his name listed on the deed to all the properties. Through this lawyer the properties were signed over to his brother-in-law who gained his property from marrying Merced William&#39;s sister who had received it as the other half of the inheritance.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on April 24, 1973. To better recognize the importance of María Merced Williams to the site&#39;s history, the San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors voted on June 28, 2022 to change the name of the site to the María Merced Williams and John Rains House.</p><br>
<p>The Gongna Beach defenses are a collection of World War II structures built on or near Gongna Beach  in Tamuning on the island of Guam, now a United States territory. These defenses were erected by the Imperial Japanese Army during its occupation of the island 1941–44. The three surviving elements were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991. They are located well north of the main Allied landing areas of the 1944 Battle of Guam.</p><br>
<h2>Gun emplacement</h2><br>
<p>At the north end of the beach, about 25 m inland from the high tide line, stands a gun emplacement with an attached pillbox. The emplacement consists of two reinforced concrete walls flanking a Japanese 20 cm gun. From this position a covered way leads to a badly damaged pillbox structure, also made of reinforced concrete. At the time of its National Register listing, the pillbox was partially collapsed.</p><br>
<h2>Gun mount</h2><br>
<p>Near the center of the beach, about 20 m inland from the high tide line, is a circular concrete gun mount, which is about 2.4 m in diameter. The exterior walls of the mount are 0.3 m thick and rise about 0.5 m above the ground; the central portion of the structure has been filled with coral rocks.</p><br>
<h2>Pillbox</h2><br>
<p>A circular concrete pillbox stands atop the berm overlooking the beach. It is about 2.5 m in diameter, and has a maximum height just over 1 m. It has a single opening, facing southwest, that is presumed to have acted as both access point and gun port.</p><br>
<p>The Old Town Main Post Office is located at 141 Center Street in Old Town, Maine. The Classical Revival building was an early design of the Office of the Supervising Architect under Oscar Wenderoth. Its design was completed in 1912 and construction in 1914 under the provisions of the Tarsney Act. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Old Town Main Post Office is set on the north side of Center Street, at its junction with Shirley Street, just off Main Street. It is a two-story structure, built out of dressed stone, with a flat roof and a main facade with Classical proportions. It is divided into five bays separated by engaged paneled columns. The outer bays each have tall sash windows recessed in rectangular openings with keystones at the top and a projecting sill at the bottom. Second-floor windows are roughly square, and also have a projecting sill. Above them is a band of fretwork, above which is an entablature in which small diamond-grilled windows are set, and a projecting cornice above. The entrance is recessed in an elaborately carved architrave. The interior of the main lobby has terrazzo marble flooring, marble wainscoting, wooden trim, and transoms above the service counter and mailboxes.</p><br>
<p>The building has undergone restoration.</p><br>
<p>Starke County Bridge No. 39 is a single span Warren Pony Truss structure. The bridge is located on the northern outskirts of the small town of Knox, Indiana, where Main and Water Streets terminate at the former Penn Central Railroad cut. The bridge spans the rail cut in a northwest–southeast direction, allowing access to Wythougan Park.</p><br>
<p>When built in 1915, it was east of Knox, on County Road 1100 East, over the Yellow River. It was moved in 1992. At its original site, metal caisson abutments and concrete wingwalls supported the bridge. When it was relocated, concrete abutments were created. The steel bridge is 103 ft long and has a 13.56 ft roadway.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The bridge consists of six Warren Truss panels on each side. All the interior verticals are paired laced angles, diagonals were made from pairs of angles. The heaviest are located in the outer panels. Verticals and diagonal members have riveted stay plates. Upper and lower chords are composed of I beams. Where upper or lower chords meet the verticals and diagonals, joins are gussets, which are bolted to all members. The roadbed is created by heavy wooden decking with an overlay of asphalt. The original guardrail remains. On the south end of the span, fixed onto the face of the right endpost, is a plague which reads "Starke County Commissioners, Peter Mosher, Fred Kingman, Lee Wolfe, Auditor, C.W. Weninger, engineer, Chas. A. Good. Built by the Rochester Bridge Co. Rochester Ind. 1915".</p><br>
<p>In 1992, the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) declared the bridge unsafe for present traffic needs. A Memorandum of Agreement with the Indiana Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology, INDOT offered the bridge to local preservation groups. The group would have to move the structure site and rehabilitate it. The Starke County Historical Society acquired the bridge and hired Dillbaugh, Inc. of Crown Point, Indiana to move the structure to its present site which was accomplished in May 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Significance</h2><br>
<p>Bridge No. 39 employs the Warren Pony Truss, a common truss type in the early 20th century. The Warren Truss is one of several variants on the basic kingpost structural system. It was patented in England by James Warren and Willoughby Monzani in 1848 and by Squire Whipple (inventor of the Whipple Truss) in 1849. The Warren consists of a series of kingposts set within parallel upper and lower chords. Because of the high stress where panel met, pins joints received undue wear which could cause failure. Once bolted gusset plates and riveting technology replaced the pinning technique, Warren Trusses came into regular use. By the early 1900s, the Warren was commonly used for highway and railroad bridges. By the 1920s, other metal truss types replace the Warren truss.</p><br>
<p>SCB39 Bridge 39 Dedication Plaque PA090094.jpgDedication Plaque. Bridge No. 39, Starke County, Knox, Indiana</p><br>
<p>SCB39 Bridge 39 Trusses PA090098.jpgWarren Truss. Bridge No. 39, Starke County, Knox, Indiana</p><br>
<p>SCB39 Bridge 39 PA090093.jpgApproach from the north side. Bridge No. 39, Starke County, Knox, Indiana</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Comp, T. Allan and Donald C. Jackson. "Bridge Truss Types: A Guide to Dating and Identifying," American Association of State and Local History Technical Leaflet 95, Nashville, TN, 1977.</p><br>
<p>Condit, Carl. American Building. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 196ST</p><br>
<p>Cooper, James L. Iron Monuments to Distant Posterity; Indiana&#39;s Metal Bridges, 1870–1930. Indianapolis: Indiana Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology, 1987.</p><br>
<p>Groppe, Maureen. "Old Knox Bridge to Get New Use," South Bend Tribune, May 10, 1992, section C, p. 1.</p><br>
<p>Indiana Division of Historic Preservation and Archaeology, Indiana Historic Bridge Inventory.</p><br>
<p>The Rose Island Concrete Monument is a historic commemorative marker on Rose Island, part of Rose Atoll, a remote island located in the far eastern reaches of the territorial waters of American Samoa. The marker is a concrete structure in the shape of a truncated pyramid with a rectangular cross-section. It is 1.53 m wide, 1.59 m high, and 0.74 m deep. On the west side of the marker is raised lettering stating "ROSE ISLAND / AMERICAN SAMOA / TRESPASSING PROHIBITED / WARREN J. TERHUNE / JAN 10 1920 GOVERNOR". A brass plaque on the opposite side of the monument conveys a similar message. The monument was placed in 1920 by the order of Naval Governor Warren J. Terhune during a tour he made of all of the islands of the territory of American Samoa, and serves as a continuing reminder of the American claim to the atoll.</p><br>
<p>The monument was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Reed School is a historic school building on United States Route 1 in North Amity, Maine. Built  in the 1870s, it is one of Maine&#39;s dwindling number of one-room district schoolhouses. It served the town until its schools were consolidated in 1971, and has since been used for a variety of municipal functions. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Reed School is set on the east side of United States Route 1 in the dispersed rural village of North Amity, located near the Canada–US border in eastern Maine. It is set near the road, just south of its junction with Lycette Road. It is a single-story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof, clapboard siding, and a rubblestone foundation. A small ell extends to the rear of the main block. There are two entrances, one set on the street-facing western facade, the other on the south side. The western entrance is sheltered by a shed-roofed vestibule, while the southern one is sheltered by a hip-roofed portico. To its right is a bank of five sash windows. The interior is finished with wainscoting to a height of four feet, with painted plaster walls and ceiling. The rear ell, which contains the outhouse, is finished in horizontal boards.</p><br>
<p>The land on which the school stands was purchased by the town from Robert Ryan in 1858, but it had long been in the hands of the Reed family, which had extensive holdings in the area. It is believed that the school was moved to this lot from another location, as there had been a Reed School in operation since at least 1837. The building has undergone a number of alterations: historic photos show that it once had a bell mounted on the roof, and that its western facade had windows that it now lacks. The latter is believed to be a change made sometime between 1916 and 1931. The school was eventually made a part of the Hodgdon school system, and was closed and deeded back to the town in 1971. The building was (as reported at the time of its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001) in use as a polling place, and has also been used as a temporary home for town offices.</p><br>
<p>Sacred Heart Public School is a former school facility in Sacred Heart, Minnesota, United States. The original building was constructed in 1901 and expanded in 1929, 1953, 1964, and 1974. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014 for having local significance in education, entertainment/recreation, and social history. Its construction history reflects the 20th-century growth and educational expansion of small-town public schools, while its 1929 auditorium/gymnasium also served as Sacred Heart&#39;s primary venue for public functions. The school closed in 2009, though the building is still used for local events.</p><br>
<p>The Collier Lodge site, located in Porter County, Indiana, is one of the few places the Kankakee Marsh could be easily crossed. The site has been occupied for over 11,000 years with evidence of human occupation from 1,000 B.C.E. Historic records of humans occupation in northwestern Indiana are available from the late seventeenth century. The prehistoric and historic cultural deposits are unique for northwestern Indiana.</p><br>
<p>Prehistoric artifacts from the site represent most time periods over the last nine to ten thousand years and historic artifacts span the full range of historic occupations in northwestern Indiana. Prehistoric archaeological features documented at the site include two different types of roasting pits and small features whose functions are unknown. Historic features include the remains of a fireplace, post molds, and what is now thought to be a cellar marks the location of a previously undocumented structure. Concentrations of animal bones from the early nineteenth century indicate furs were processed at the site.</p><br>
<p>The Collier Lodge site has been shown to contain an extremely high density of artifacts and features. The site is also the only site in northwestern Indiana that has produced the full sequence of prehistoric ceramics in the region from excavated contexts. Durable artifacts such as those made of stone, ceramics, or metal can be used to study technology, trade networks, economic status, culture contact, and the spatial distribution of different types of activities within the site and the region. Faunal and floral preservation are both excellent, so that a host of subsistence, economic, and environmental questions can be addressed.</p><br>
<h2>Setting</h2><br>
<p>The Kankakee River valley includes sand ridges and relict channel from its path before being straightened between the years 1906 – 1917. The site rests on one of these ridges adjacent to old channel. Until 1917, the marsh supported a productive ecosystem. This dry ridge next to the river and surrounded by the marsh was attractive to human and animal life. The site is located in the Kankakee Outwash and Lacustrine Plain zone. The valley was formed by glacial melt water flowing south from the Michigan and Saginaw lobes of Wisconsin Glacier. It created a broad floodplain. The extremely flat valley became the marsh. Over a 12,000-year period, sandy soils were moved by the wind to create sand plains and sand dunes. The sandy soils are well-drained, this is well suited for human habitation.</p><br>
<p>This was a high area that drained well and was adjacent to the Kankakee Marsh. The site was also situated at one of the few points where it was relatively easy to cross the Kankakee Marsh. The outwash ridges from the Valparaiso Moraine converge here from the north with another coming from the south. The crossing was known as Pottawatommie Ford and has been described as "the most historic spot along the Kankakee in the marsh proper". The site is about 1 acre and is next to the Collier Lodge building. It is on a sand ridge on the north side of the historic channel. This was a productive natural area until it was canalized. It is at the tip of a sand ridge leading from the north to the channel of the Kankakee. This forms a natural route through the wetlands.</p><br>
<h2>Occupation</h2><br>
<p>The site was occupied from the Early Archaic (ca. 9000 B.C.) through the recent past. Prehistoric features belong to the Early Woodland (1000 – 200 B.C.), and portions of the Upper Mississippian period (A.D. 1400 – 1500). The Historic period begins in 1840 A.D. It is subdivided into the Pioneer period (A.D. 1840 – 1880), the Hunting Lodge period (late nineteenth century). The early twentieth century has identified but the period from the 1880s o is under investigation.</p><br>
<h2>Historic periods</h2><br>
<p>Meyer (1934) defined four historic periods that could be better understood via the archaeological data from Collier Lodge. The periods were the "Pottawatomie’s Kankakee" (prior to A.D. 1840), the "Pioneer’s Kankakee" (1840–1880), the "Rancher and Recreationist’s Kankakee" (1880 -1910) and the "Reclamationist’s and Resorter’s Kankakee" (1910–1936). All of these periods are represented in the archaeological record of the Collier Lodge site.</p><br>
<h3>Native period (pre 1840)</h3><br>
<p>The site reflects the range of Indiana&#39;s prehistory and history, from the Early Archaic (ca. 9000 B.C.E.) to the modern era. The oldest artifacts are chipped stone tools from the Early Archaic. The site assemblage includes projectile points and other types of hafted bifaces from all periods, accompanied by many other stone tool types, along with chips were produced as stone tools were manufactured or repaired. Other artifacts include grinding stones, gorget, a birdstone, and pipe fragments. Upper Mississippian (after 1050 A.D.) pottery first found by McAllister, prehistoric pottery from the Early Woodland period (ca. 800 – 150 B.C); when pottery began in the region, Middle Woodland (ca. 150 B.C. – A.D. 350), and late Woodland (ca. A.D. 350 – 1050) periods are also present. Historic ceramics from the early nineteenth century through the recent past include fine earthenwares and coarse earthenwares or crockery.</p><br>
<p>Prehistoric use of the site started when Early Archaic hunter-gatherers used the site for short periods and during limited seasons. This continued into the Early Woodland period (ca. 800 BC). Marion phase seasonal camps may have been occupied for longer periods. Artifacts show that Woodland period occupants included people of the Middle Woodland Goodall tradition (ca. 250 B.C. to A.D. 350, a regional Hopewell culture). Maize horticulture was perhaps first practiced near or on the site at that time. During the Upper Mississippian period (after A.D. 1050), people were a variety of Oneota culture making intense use of the marsh resources. An as yet unidentified Protohistoric culture probably evolved into historically known tribes during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The Potawatomi are the first historically known occupants.</p><br>
<h3>Pioneer period (1840–1880)</h3><br>
<p>The Pioneers are represented by the remains of a cabin, domestic debris, and animal bones. The evidence points to a fur trading or trapping at site.</p><br>
<p>J. Sherwood and his family became the first settlers to remain at the site, in what is Pleasant Township. The Collier family built Collier Lodge. At this time the area consisted of brushy herbaceous ground cover and oak timber. Around the dry sand islands was a thick stands of swamp timber with the marsh to the south. This would have been the same through much of the earlier occupation periods. The Kankakee River formed the western boundary. The current narrow channel adjacent to Colliers Lodge is a remnant of the river before it was straightened.</p><br>
<h3>Ranchers and recreational period (1880–1910)</h3><br>
<p>The hunting lodges adjacent to Baums bridge in the 1870s are the significant occupation style of late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Hunting and fishing grew into a recreational style of wealthy urban socialites in the 1870s. Local farmers and businesses developed to serve as guides and provide lodging. The sportsmen were wealthy business and political leaders, including President Benjamin Harrison and General Lew Wallace. By the 1890s, outdoors leisure for women was increasingly accepted, particularly fishing. Near the bridge, a party of hunters, millionaires, from Pittsburgh, built a clubhouse in 1876, and called it the Pittsburgh Gun club. Additional clubs built along the river, a group of hunters from Louisville, Kentucky follows suit. In 1873, the Columbia Hunting club, a group of business men from Hebron, built on Deserters Island. Heath & Milligan, of Chicago, bought land on School Grove Island and built Camp Milligan in 1869. Additional clubs built along the Kankakee, notably those at the Baum&#39;s Bridge crossing were: Indianapolis, Terre Haute and Rockville clubs.</p><br>
<p>The nature of sporting leisure at Baum&#39;s bridge changed along the same pattern as society. In the 1870s, hunting and fishing were exclusively male pursuits. By 1920, men and women were enjoying time along the river.</p><br>
<p>Historic artifacts have been found from this period, such as: glass containers, tableware, window glass, and buttons. Metal items include items made of aluminum, brass, copper, iron, lead, silver, and tin. Fur Trade iron and brass hardware from a variety periods has been found. Animal bones from prehistoric and historic animals reveal the range of creatures indigenous to the region (mammals, fish, birds and reptiles) and domesticates (cow, horse, pig, chicken and dog).</p><br>
<h3>Reclamationists and resorters period (1910–1936)</h3><br>
<p>One of the trails developed into a road providing the link between Michigan City and Logansport. The modern Baum&#39;s Bridge Road continues to follow that path. By the middle of the nineteenth century, a sawmill was operating on the river used the river as a transportation route and method for cut logs. During the last decade of the nineteenth century, the Collier Lodge building was built. A former cabin was demolished for the new building. The site continued to be used by sportsmen. After the turn of the century Collier Lodge served as a small country inn and general store. By mid-century, it was a residential property.</p><br>
<p>BB Aukiki Festival & Lodge P8220125.jpgAukiki Festival and Colliers Lodge</p><br>
<p>BB Collier Lodge 2009 P1120028.jpgFront façade of Colliers Lodge</p><br>
<p>BB Modern site P1120034.jpgBaums Bridge Road and the original location of Baum&#39;s Bridge</p><br>
<p>BB Geese on the River P8120103.jpgThe Kankakee River in the vicinity of the Colliers Lodge Site. This is a quarter-mile south of the lodge location.</p><br>
<p>BB Kankakee - Baum site P1120030.jpgThe remnant channel of the Kankakee River. Now a slack water ox bow, it once was twice as wide and the main channel of the river.</p><br>
<p>The Sen. William Blair House is located in Waukesha, Wisconsin, United States, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>It was built for State Senator William Blair (1820-1880), who was a prominent businessman and politician. The house&#39;s historical significance derives from its association with Blair, as well as its contribution as an example of Italianate architecture in Waukesha. The exterior of the house is still an example of its style, though an addition was added in 1997, as well as a window replacement and other minor changes. The interior was significantly modified.</p><br>
<p>The house has had several uses over the years. The property was deeded to the city in 1957 by Henry Blair. He was the Mayor of Waukesha in 1922. The city first leased the property to the Great Blue Heron Girl Scouts and then to Waukesha Memorial Hospital until 2013.</p><br>
<p>In 2016 the Blair House was purchased by Bob and Lisa Salb from the city, after a Request for Proposal process that started in 2014. It was rezoned as residential and they are restoring the property as their home.</p><br>
<p>The house and landscape are undergoing extensive restoration. The stained glass transom and sidelites were returned to the house and reinstalled with the porch door, found in the basement. The porch walls were reopened to the view from the Blair Hill, which overlooks downtown Waukesha. Suspended ceiling tiles have been removed, revealing tall ceilings with elaborate crown moulding. Under the commercial blue carpeting, quarter-sawn oak hardwood floors in the dining room and terracotta tiles in the sunroom were discovered. A hidden bathroom was found, with subway tiles under drywall on the walls and hex tiles on the floor. Outside many gardens have been added to the grounds, including a butterfly garden, hosta shade garden, and an orchard, connected by paths.</p><br>
<p>After the restoration is complete and a conditional use permit is issued, the Salbs will open the property as the Spring City Bed and Breakfast at the Historic Blair House.</p><br>
<p>The Inarajan Pillbox is a World War II-era defensive fortification near the mouth of Inarajan Bay in the United States territory of Guam. Set on a limestone outcrop on the south side of the bay, the fortification occupies a natural niche in the formation, with a wall of piled coral rocks and cement covering part of the opening. This wall is about 1.8 m long, 2.0 m high, and 1.0 m thick. A cement gunport is set in the wall, about 0.75 m above ground level. This fortification was built by Japanese soldiers occupying Guam between 1941 and 1944. The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991, as "Inalahan Pillbox".</p><br>
<p>The Nathaniel Treat House is a historic house at 114 Main Street in Orono, Maine. Probably built in the 1830s, the house is a fine example of transitional Federal-Greek Revival architecture executed in brick. The house was built by Nathaniel Treat, and was in the 20th century home to Charles J. Dunn, chief justice of the Maine Supreme Judicial Court. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Nathaniel Treat House is set on the east side of Main Street (United States Route 2), just north of its junction with Westwood Drive. It is a -story brick structure, with a side-gable roof, four symmetrically placed end chimneys, and a five bay front facade. The main entrance is centered, with a sheltering portico supported by fluted Doric columns and pilasters, whose interior has been glassed in. The doorway is slightly recessed in the wall, with flanking sidelight windows, and a half-round fanlight above. Fenestration is all sash windows, with granite sills and lintels in front. A dentillated cornice encircles the building below the roof line. A single-story open porch extends along the south side of the house.</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel Treat was one of the leading businessmen of the Orono-Old Town area, in the mid-19th century. He moved to the area in 1829, established a series of sawmills, and acquired much of the land that now makes up the two cities. He was one of Oronos first town selectmen, and served in the state legislature. This house was probably built not long after his arrival, and was his home for about thirty years. In 1924, the house was purchased by Irene Dunn, wife to Charles J. Dunn, then an associate justice of Maines highest court. Dunn served on the Maine Supreme Judicial Court from 1918 to 1939, the last four years as chief justice.</p><br>
<p>Clock Farm is a historic farmstead at the corner of Maine State Route 9 and Goose Rocks Road in Kennebunkport, Maine. Although it has a history dating to the 1770s, it is most notable  for its early 20th-century purpose-built clock tower, which adorns the barn at one end of the connected complex. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Clock Farm is a rambling extended farm complex, set at the northern side of the junction of Goose Rocks Road and Maine State Route 9 in a rural northern part of Kennebunkport. The main house, at the southernmost end of the complex, is a -story wood-frame structure with a side-gable roof and a pair of gabled dormers. A two-story ell extends to its rear, and a series of single-story ells connect it a pair of barns, one set behind the other at the northern end of the complex. The one closest to the street has a square cupola with ventilator at the center of its roof line, with a tall square clock tower set on the ridge line in front of the cupola. The tower has clock faces with Roman numerals on each side. The rear barn also has a square cupola. The most predominant architectural style of this assemblage of buildings is the Greek Revival.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portion of this complex, probably one of its ells, was built about 1773 by Peter Johnson. Its intervening history is not documented, but the complex was acquired in the late 19th century as a summer residence by Thomas Lemmons, owner of a factory in Lawrence, Massachusetts. The story associated with the clock is that originally was mounted on his factory, but kept such bad time that his employees complained. In the early 20th century Emmons had the tower specially built to house the clock, which was transported here from Lawrence. It has since that time been a local landmark and architectural curiosity.</p><br>
<p>The Ontario State Bank Block was a historic commercial building located at 300 South Euclid Avenue in Ontario, California. The building, completed in 1887, was composed of three sections, and had a design which incorporated elements of the Eastlake and Queen Anne styles. The design included a corner turret, several gables along the roof line, and a variety of different window styles; it originally had three prominent oriel windows in the gable peaks above the banks original section, and also had a set in the second section of the block. Decorative features included corbelled brickwork and carved wooden pilasters and brackets. The Ontario State Bank, which opened with the building, was the first bank in Ontario and an important early business center for the city. The building also housed several other shops, including Grand Palace Pavilion of Antiques, Howells Furniture and Hardware, and E.H. Richardson&#39;s Pacific Electric Heating Company, which invented the Hotpoint electric iron and brought national attention to Ontario.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 8, 1982. It unfortunately burned down in 1986.</p><br>
<p>Euclid Avenue is on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>The Light Model Tank No. 95 is a relic of the Japanese occupation of the US territory of Guam during World War II. It is the remains of a Type 95 Ha-Go light tank, that was in a highly visible location on Cross Island Road when it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. At that time little more than the tank body remained, its turret and gun having been removed and sold for scrap. It was at that time one of three such tanks known to survive on the island.</p><br>
<p>The John N.M. Brewer House is a historic house on United States Route 1 in Robbinston, Maine, United States. Built in late 1820s, it is the only known example of an amphiprostyle Greek temple residence  in eastern Maine. It was built by a prominent local shipbuilder and sea captain. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Brewer House is set on the west side of US Route 1. It is a two-story wood-frame structure, with a front-facing gable roof. Its front and rear facades both have projecting gable ends supported by five large two-story Ionic columns, with similar pilasters at the wall behind. The walls at the backs of these colonnades are flushboarded, as are the gable pediments, which sport a triangular window in the center. The eastern facade is clapboarded, with pilasters separating the bays. A pair of ells extend the main block to the west.</p><br>
<p>The house was built c. 1828-30 by John Nehemiah Marks Brewer, a prominent local shipbuilder and ships captain. Brewers father was a local militia commander during the War of 1812, and built The Mansion House, another prominent local residence. Brewer also later built the Henrietta Brewer House (located a short way up the road) for his wife. This house was used as a school for many years after Brewer&#39;s death in 1857, but is now in private hands. It is the only known example of its style east of the Penobscot River.</p><br>
<p>The Conway Junction Railroad Turntable Site is the foundational remnants of what was once a major railroad junction in South Berwick, Maine. Consisting of a circular granite railroad turntable foundation and an engine house foundation, it is the only major surviving reminder of Great Falls and South Berwick Railroad. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The turntable site is located at the southwest corner of Fife&#39;s Lane and Maine State Route 236, south of the village center of South Berwick. The turntable foundation is a circular structure about 60 ft in diameter with an interior depth of about 2 ft below grade. At the center is a granite pier, capped with concrete, on which the turntable was originally mounted. To the west of this structure is a three-sided granite foundation, which once supported a wedge-shaped engine house (a roundhouse). The turntable is believed to date to 1855.</p><br>
<p>The first railroad that came to South Berwick was the Portland, Saco and Portsmouth Railroad (PS&P), in 1842. The Boston and Maine Railroad (B&M) extended its line eastward from Exeter, New Hampshire in 1843, meeting the PS&P in South Berwick village. The Great Falls and South Berwick Railroad in about 1855 built a 3.0 mi spur line from the PS&P at this point to join with the B&M at Great Falls, and established its headquarters here, which became known as Conway Junction because the Great Falls and South Berwick connected near here to the Portsmouth, Great Falls and Conway Railroad with service to Conway, New Hampshire. The rail lines in this area were used until 1936, and abandoned in 1941. Route 236 was built over the PS&P right of way in the 1940s, around which time the turntable and engine house were dismantled, and the Great Falls and South Berwick right of way was also built over. The foundations here are the only tangible remnants of this history.</p><br>
<p>The Cummings&#39; Guest House is a historic African-American summer boarding house at 110 Portland Avenue in Old Orchard Beach, Maine. Established in 1923, it was one of the only places in the community offering summer accommodations to African-Americans during the period of Jim Crow segregation. Prominent guests included Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Count Basie, and Lionel Hampton. The property, which reverted to completely private use by the Cummingses in 1993, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house is a vernacular Victorian wood frame structure built about 1870, probably as a farmhouse. The present structure includes the original house and a small barn, which have been joined by a two-story addition. The building once had a porch that wrapped around the southern and eastern facades, provide a measure of unity to the building&#39;s disparate elements; this has since been removed. The interior of the house shows regular adaptation to changing environment: its kitchen is from the 1970s, while its bathrooms retain fixtures and original plaster walls from the 1920s. The interior underwent some alteration in the 1960s, when the business began to decline due to antidiscrimination laws, and one of the Cummings children moved into part of the building on a year-round basis.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Rosvell “Rose” Emerson Cummings and Edward Cummings Jr. purchased 110 Portland Street in 1917, and were Old Orchard Beach&#39;s first African-American residents. In 1923 they converted the house into a seasonal boarding house, catering to traveling African-Americans. The guest house was called The Homestead.</p><br>
<p>It was listed in The Negro Motorist Green Book. It was a popular accommodation, with word at first spread by word of mouth, and later by tour guides specifically targeting African-American vacationers. It regularly played host to African-American performers who played at the Old Orchard Beach Casino, but were refused accommodation at area hotels despite a lack of segregation laws in the state. In 1971, Maine passed a civil rights law governing public accommodations.</p><br>
<p>Performers who stayed there included Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway, Count Basie, Lionel Hampton, and Harry Carney, who became a regular visitor. Harlem Renaissance poet Countee Cullen stayed at the house and later dedicated a children&#39;s story to the cat of daughter Ann Cummings. W.E.B. Du Bois stayed at the house one summer. The boarding house was operated by the Cummings children until 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Jean Byers Sampson Center for Diversity in Maine at University of Southern Maine’s Glickman Library purchased the guest house register in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Fremad Association Building and adjacent Pope County State Bank Building are historic commercial properties in Glenwood, Minnesota.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>They are listed together on the National Register of Historic Places for their local significance in commerce and architecture. They formed a hub of commerce in Pope County, Minnesota, from the late-19th to the mid-20th century, while the bank is further noted for its Neoclassical architecture.</p><br>
<p>Calvin Wray Lawrence House is a historic home located near Apex, Wake County, North Carolina. The house was built about 1890, and is a two-story, three-bay, single-pile frame I-house with a central hall plan. It has a triple-A-roof; full-width, hip-roof front porch; and a two-story addition and two-story gabled rear ell. Also on the property are the contributing well house, outhouse, and storage barn.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Ivey-Ellington House is a historic home located at Cary, Wake County, North Carolina. The house was built about 1870 in the gothic cottage stye. It is a -story, "T"-plan, frame I-house with board-and-batten siding. It has a steeply pitched roof, decorative scalloped gable trim, and pointed-arch windows.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. The Town of Cary entered a development agreement in 2019 that required the relocation of the building. The house was relocated from 135 W. Chatham St to 308 S. Academy St. on February 20, 2023. Rehabilitation of the house following the move is ongoing. The town plans to forgo the National Register designation after relocation to avoid any scrutiny for moving it into the existing Cary Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Roosevelt School, now Hamlin Town Hall, is a historic former school building on United States Route 1A in Hamlin, Maine. Built in 1933, it is the best-preserved of two surviving district school buildings in the rural community. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Roosevelt School building is set overlooking the Saint John River on the east side of Hamlin Road (US Route 1A), a short way north of its junction with Vaughn Road. It is a small single-story wood frame structure, with a front-facing gable roof and patterned shingle siding. Its narrow front facade consists of a center entrance, sheltered by a gable-roofed porch, flanked by sash windows. The southern facade has a bank of five sash windows. The north side of building is mostly taken up by a shed-roof continuation of the main roof, sheltering a wood storage area and two pit toilets. The building is stylistically Craftsman, with exposed rafter ends on the main roof and large brackets on the porch.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in 1933 to serve district number 2 in the town, which was incorporated as a plantation at that time. It was used as a school until 1951, when the community&#39;s schools were consolidated into a regional district. The design of the school appears to follow one of a number of standard plans commissioned by the state in 1909 (as part of a general plan to improve school conditions statewide), although it is not known which one it is. Many district schools in the smaller communities of the region were built on similar plans, including the Governor Brann School in Cyr Plantation.</p><br>
<p>The Ipao Pillbox I is one of three surviving World War II-era fortifications on Ypao Point, located west of Tumon Bay on the west side of the island of Guam. It is built into the limestone cliff overlooking the beach on the property of the Hilton Hotel, about 17 m in from the high tide line. Its walls are fashioned out of coral rock and cement, varying in thickness from 1 m to 1.6 m. Its entrance is on the east wall, and its gun port faces north, overlooking Ypao Channel. Parts of the structure have been restored.</p><br>
<p>The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Conant-Sawyer House is a historic summer house at 14 Kendall Road in York Beach, Maine. Built in 1877 and enlarged in 1896, it is a well-preserved example of a late 19th-century upper middle-class summer house. Its notable owners include Sumner Wallace, a shoe manufacturer from Rochester, New Hampshire, and Charles Henry Sawyer, Governor of New Hampshire. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Conant-Sawyer Cottage is set on the north side of Nubble Point, near the junction of Kendall Road and Ocean Avenue Extension. Facing north, it is a -story wood-frame structure, with a mansard roof, clapboard siding, and a modern concrete foundation. It is essentially L-shaped, with a -story tower at the crook of the L, and a porch that wraps around the east and north sides, and on the west side to the tower. The porch has a decorative balustrade, turned posts with brackets, and a projecting section at the northwest corner which is topped by a shallow pyramidal roof. The interior retains a significant amount of original woodwork.</p><br>
<p>The cottage was built in 1877-78 by a New Hampshire contractor, possibly on speculation, as he sold it soon afterward to Dr. Josiah Conant of Somersworth, New Hampshire. The next owner was Charles Henry Sawyer, a businessman from Dover, New Hampshire who also served as that states governor 1887–89. Under Sawyers ownership the building was enlarged in 1896, adding the kitchen wing behind the tower. Continuing the trend of ownership by New Hampshire businessmen and professionals, a subsequent owner was Sumner Wallace, who owned a shoe factory in Rochester. During Wallace&#39;s ownership the building was moved to its present location from one on the bluffs. The area where the cottage stands was known as "Concordville" from early in its development as a middle-class resort area, due to the large number of New Hampshire vacationers. Most of the houses from the same period in the area have been substantially altered.</p><br>
<p>Other placesNorthern Pacific Depot </p><br>
<p>The Northern Pacific Depot or Villard Depot is a historic railway station in Villard, Minnesota, United States, built in 1882. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for having local significance in exploration/settlement and transportation. The depot was constructed upon the completion of a new Northern Pacific Railway line and the platting of a new trackside town named after the railway&#39;s president Henry Villard. The Little Falls and Dakota Branch line, running between Little Falls and Morris, Minnesota, provided a key link between the agricultural region of west-central Minnesota and the Great Lakes port of Duluth. The depot now marks the eastern terminus of the Villard–Starbuck Trail, a rail trail in development from Villard through Glenwood, Starbuck, and on to Glacial Lakes State Park.</p><br>
<p>The Malessu Pillbox is a World War II-era Japanese-built defensive fortification on the shore of Malesso, Guam. Located about 15 m from the high-tide line at Merizo Beach, it is a rectangular structure built of steel-reinforced concrete and basalt rock. It is 3.9 m deep, 2.4 m wide, and about 2.42 m high, although only about 0.75 m of the structure is visible above ground. Its gun port has a view of the Merizo pier, and is approximately at ground level. It was built by Japanese defenders during their occupation of the island 1941–44.</p><br>
<p>The structure was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The Isaac Farrar Mansion, known for much of the 20th Century as Symphony House, is a historic house at 166 Union Street in Bangor, Maine. Built in 1833, it was the first major commission of the noted 19th-century architect Richard Upjohn. Although it was built as a private residence, it was from 1929 to 1972 owned by the Bangor Symphony Orchestra and was home to its music conservatory. It is now part of the Bangor YMCA. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Farrar Mansion is set on the south side of Union Street (Maine State Route 222), at the southwest corner of 2nd Street on Bangor&#39;s west side. It is a -story brick building, three bays wide, with a truncated hip roof pierced by steeply-pitched gable dormers. Although the styling of the building is predominantly Greek Revival, it has a number of Colonial Revival alterations from the early 20th century, including its front portico and the bay window above.</p><br>
<p>Design of the house was commissioned by Isaac Farrar, a successful businessman who came to Bangor in 1836. It was the first major commission given to Richard Upjohn, whose early successes in Maine made possible his extensive career as one of the leading architects of the mid-19th century. The house shows that Upjohn was well conversant in the Greek Revival, although his best-known works are Gothic Revival. The house was a private residence until 1911, at which time it was acquired by the University of Maine Law School, which used it as a residency until 1929.</p><br>
<p>In 1929 the Bangor Symphony Orchestra purchased the property, renamed it "Symphony House", and operated the Northern Conservatory of Music on the premises, also hosting the music branch of the Bangor Public Library. In 1972 the school closed, and the symphony sold the building the following year to the local YMCA, which now uses it as an exhibit and reception space.</p><br>
<p>The Wilson Block is a historic district located in east Dallas, Texas and was one of the first residential developments in Dallas. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The houses have been restored and are maintained to preserve their turn-of-the-century Victorian revival style architecture. The Wilson Block includes 4 of the original single-family dwellings located at what is now 2902, 2906, 2910 and 2922 Swiss Ave. The District encompasses a city block, 95,000 ft2, bounded by Swiss Avenue, Floyd, Oak, and Liberty Streets.</p><br>
<p>The houses that became the center of the Wilson Block Historic District were constructed in 1899–1902, the first being the Wilson House at 2922 Swiss Ave., a -story residence. Construction of an additional 6 rental houses followed, 3 of which have been restored and still remain at 2902, 2906 and 2910 Swiss Ave. Each house is unique in layout and character, but all share some of the common characteristics of the revival styles of the late 1800s, including irregularly shaped roofs that are steeply pitched and dominant front-facing gables.</p><br>
<p>The homes are -story single-family dwellings constructed of wood with milled details. The siding comprises textured shingles and clapboard. Some were built with front porches, while others wrap around to the sides. The back of some of the houses had rear screened porches on both levels. Upstairs porches were commonly used for sleeping, while the porches downstairs provided an open space to conduct household chores; all had cisterns on each porch. The Wilson House was the only house on the block with servant&#39;s quarters and a carriage house.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>J.B. Wilson (1847–1920) and his younger brother Frederick P. Wilson (1863–1923) emigrated to the US from Canada, and established themselves as successful cattlemen and entrepreneurs of the 19th century. In 1894, Frederick married Henrietta M. Frichot (1864–1953). In 1898, according to Atlas record #5113006922, it states "This historic neighborhood is located on land patented in 1838 to Illinois native John Grigsby. Dallas businessman Frederick P. Wilson and his wife Henrietta Frichot Wilson acquired the site in 1898 and built their residence (2922 Swiss Avenue) and six other houses. Owned by the Wilsons for almost eighty years, the houses became the nucleus of the Wilson Block." However, the actual inscription on Marker Number 6922 reads: "Swiss native Jacob Nussbaumer, a colonist in the pioneer La Reunion settlement of the Dallas area, purchased this land prior to the Civil War. In 1898 his wife Dorothea and children sold it to her niece Henrietta Frichot Wilson (1864-1953), the daughter of La Reunion settlers."</p><br>
<p>Frederick and Henrietta had a son, Laurence Frederick (1895–1981), and a daughter, Irma (1897–1918). Irma attended Highland Park Academy, and was among the first Texas women registered to vote in the July 1918 primary election. Primary suffrage did not require a state constitutional amendment; therefore, it could be passed by a simple act of the Texas legislature. State Representative Charles B. Metcalfe introduced the woman suffrage primary bill to allow women the right to vote in primary elections in Texas, and it passed both the House and Senate.</p><br>
<p>Laurence also attended Highland Park Academy, and continued to live in the Wilson house with his first wife Era Craft (1901–1962) until she died. Wilson then married Venna Lee Burnett (1910–1992), and they lived in the house until 1977. The property had remained in the Wilson family for close to 80 years. The carriage house is being utilized by Preservation Dallas for educational programs.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>By the late 1970s, old East Dallas was on the decline, and Laurence Wilsons health was also failing. Wilson established several trusts with former Arlington Bank & Trust in Arlington, TX, which included the L.F. Wilson Charitable Trust, the L.F. Wilson Real Property Trust, and the L.F. Wilson Marital Trust. The real property trust included his family homestead and rental houses on Swiss Avenue. Laurence donated his Swiss Avenue property with stipulations that the transfer of any part of his fathers original purchase be preserved as a historical site. The Wilson Trust executives worked in cooperation with Fox and Jacobs, real estate developers that were involved in the preservation and restoration of historic districts in Dallas.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the Dallas Historic Preservation League (DHPL) raised money for their restoration efforts but they needed help. It was then that the Meadows Foundation became involved and acquired all of the Wilson Block except for the largest rental house known as the Arnold house which became DHPL headquarters. The Meadows Foundation established their offices in the original Wilson home at 2922 Swiss Avenue, and completed restoration of the block. They offered use of the homes rent-free to non-profit organizations under the conditions set forth in the transfer by Laurence Wilson. In 1982, the organizations that initially moved in were the Suicide and Crisis Center, Greater Dallas Council of Churches and the Center for Nonprofit Management.</p><br>
<h2>Expansion and preservation efforts</h2><br>
<p>The Wilson House became the center of the Wilson Block Historic District which was expanded to include other Victorian houses from the area that were moved to Swiss Avenue and restored. The Meadows Foundation, in partnership with the City of Dallas, restored Central Square Park which holds historical significance as the second public park built in Dallas. It is located on the corner of Swiss Avenue and Oak Street. The Historic District also includes a few buildings and various facilities that were constructed by the Meadows Foundation for meetings and support purposes.</p><br>
<p>In 1993, the Meadows Foundation built a large facility near Swiss Avenue to house their headquarters. Shortly thereafter, and with help from the Meadows Foundation, the Historic Preservation League (HPL) moved its headquarters into the Wilson House. The following year, they changed their name to Preservation Dallas (PD), a nonprofit membership organization that focuses on protecting the history and culture of Dallas neighborhoods and historic buildings. They provide preservation services, research and conduct tours of the Wilson Block which is home to thirty-nine non-profit agencies that occupy rent-free office space in the district.</p><br>
<p>The Louis and Elizabeth Woerner House is a historic house in Portland, Oregon, United States. It was designed by Prairie School architect William Gray Purcell in 1922 and completed in early 1923. Located in the Alameda neighborhood in Northeast Portland, the house was added to the National Register of Historic Places  in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built for Louis and Elizabeth Woerner. Louis Woerner was vice president of the Western Cooperage Company at the time the house plans were commissioned. The two-and-one-half story house is in the Arts and Crafts style, also known as American Craftsman. It has an asymmetric plan, with several steeply pitched gables visible from each side. The Woerner family lived in the house until it was sold in 1951. It then passed through several owners, each preserving the original character of the house. No major renovations to its footprint have been made since it was constructed, the most significant changes were an interior remodel of the kitchen and updates to the bathrooms.</p><br>
<p>The house is a locally significant example of Arts and Crafts architecture, but its primary historical significance derives from its noted Minneapolis architect, William Gray Purcell. Purcell was active in Oregon from 1919 until 1930, when an advanced case of tuberculosis forced him to seek a warmer, drier climate in California. During his stay in Oregon, he designed and marketed standardized plans for homes intended for families of modest means. The Woerner house is one of five upscale custom houses he designed in the Portland area in 1920–1924. The Woerner house is the most visible, due to its location atop a small rise on a large lot.</p><br>
<p>The Breakers Point Naval Guns are a historic World War II-era defensive fortification on the island of Tutuila in American Samoa. It consists of two 6 in Mark 8 Model 2 naval guns, mounted on circular concrete platforms about 200 ft above sea level at the end of Papatele Ridge, which flanks the east side of Pago Pago Harbor. The guns, manufactured in 1907, were emplaced in 1941 amid fears of a Japanese invasion of the island, and were left in situ  after invasion fears subsided. They were brought to the site by an innovative railway system that used locally crafted rails fashioned out of ifil wood when steel rails were not available. The guns are located on private family-owned land, but may be hiked to with permission.</p><br>
<p>The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In October 1941, six-inch Naval guns arrived in Pago Pago in crates. There were four unwieldy cannons of this caliber, each measuring over 20 ft long and weighing ten tons. The guns had to somehow be lifted into the elevated newly made concrete positions on Breakers and Blunts Points, about 500 ft above ground level. The only available routes went through the jungle and up 70-degree, muddy slopes. There were no trails, roads nor paths leading to these four positions on each side of the Pago Pago Harbor. It was later determined that a tramway was needed in order to move the guns up the hills. The contractors immediately sent a request to Alameda, California for steel rails, hoisting gear, and cables.</p><br>
<p>The Samuel Bucknam House is a historic house on Main Street  in Columbia Falls, Maine, United States. Built in 1820–21, it is one of the state&#39;s finest Federal-period Cape houses, with well-preserved woodwork and other features including original wallpaper in one room. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bucknam House is a modest -story wood frame Cape house, five bays wide, with a side gable roof, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. Oriented to face the northwest, the main facade has a center entry with a wooden fan above, and Doric pilasters at the sides, topped by carved reliefs of wooden urns. A kitchen ell extends to the northeast. Both main block and ell have chimneys capped by distinctive arched brick covers. The interior of the house has detailed woodwork, including beaded moldings, friezes, fireplace mantels, and door frames. The main parlor still has its original wallpaper.</p><br>
<p>Samuel Bucknam had this house built in 1820–21. He was the grandson of John Bucknam, one of Columbia Falls earliest settlers, who established a lumber mill and then a shipyard on the Pleasant River. Samuel apparently inherited his grandfathers businesses, and was thus able to build a relatively high-quality house in this comparatively remote settings.</p><br>
<p>The Pope County Courthouse is the courthouse and government center of Pope County, Minnesota, United States, in the city of Glenwood. It was built in 1930 as a replacement for a prior courthouse on the same site dating to 1879. The current courthouse is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for having local significance in politics/government and architecture. Its historic significance derives from being the long-serving seat of Pope County government and for being a well-preserved example of the replacement courthouses built in a few Minnesota counties in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>Architect Nairne W. Fisher of St. Cloud Minnesota also designed the Art Deco style Glenwood High School, located a few blocks from the courthouse, now in use as "Central Square" Arts and Cultural Center.</p><br>
<p>The Colonial Inn is a historic hotel at 145 Shore Road in Ogunquit, Maine. The hotel complex is anchored by an 1890 Queen Anne Victorian hotel that is one of the few surviving resort hotels of the period, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The complex also has rooms in adjacent motel spaces; its amenities include a swimming pool, game room, and dining room serving breakfast.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The Colonial Inn is located on an L-shaped property bordered on the west by Shore Road and the north by Beachmere Lane. The Ogunquit Baptist Church stands south of the main hotel building, in the crook of the L. The main hotel building is a long, roughly rectangular, four-story wood-frame structure whose long side faces Beachmere Lane. A single-story porch extends along the length of this facade, which has a projecting three-story section near its center, and a rounded section at the northeast corner. The origins of this building lie in a c. 1850 Greek Revival residence, which was repeatedly extended and enlarged between the 1880s and c. 1920.</p><br>
<p>Extending southward from the eastern end of the main hotel (behind the church, as seen from Shore Road) is a modern two-story motel block, built in 1983. To the east of this building, near its southern end, stands a second two-story motel structure, oriented east–west, that was built about 1961. Just north of that is a c. 1900 Shingle style cottage, stories in height, that faces eastward toward the ocean. This house was originally the residence of the hotel proprietor. The hotel swimming pool is located just east of the main hotel and north of the 1983 motel block.</p><br>
<p>The hotel is historically significant because it is the only surviving 19th-century hotel in Ogunquit that still serves as a hotel and retains its historic appearance. Other hotels of the period have either been converted to condominiums or (like the neighboring Beachmere) been engulfed by modern alterations. The Colonial Inn property encapsulates an architectural history of tourist accommodations in the area.</p><br>
<p>The El Reno Municipal Swimming Pool Bath House is a bath house in El Reno, Oklahoma. Built in 1935, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000. It is one of two Mission/Spanish Revival structures in El Reno.</p><br>
<p>The bath house was built as part of the swimming pool complex for the city by Federal Emergency Relief Administration workers along with city employees. The pool complex closed in 1991 and the pool itself was filled with dirt, but the original brick bath house remains. As one of the last Depression-era bath houses still standing in Oklahoma, it is listed on the 2015 List of Oklahoma&#39;s Most Endangered Places.</p><br>
<p>The Skowhegan Free Public Library is the public library of Skowhegan, Maine. It is located at 9 Elm Street, in an architecturally significant Queen Anne brick building designed by Edwin E. Lewis and completed in 1890. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The library is managed by the Bloomfield Academy Trustees.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and history</h2><br>
<p>The library is located on the north side of Elm Street, just west of its junction with Madison Avenue (United States Route 201), and overlooking the Kennebec River. The building is a 2-1/2 story brick structure, with asymmetrical massing characteristic of the Queen Anne period. Its main block has a hip roof, with a projecting gable section at the left side of the front (south-facing) facade, and an octagonal tower projecting forward from the right side of the facade, with then entrance between these two elements. An ell extends to the rear of the main block. The gable section has bands of three sash windows on both levels, with a large semicircular terra cotta panel above. The first-floor windows are in segmented-arch openings. The entrance is set in a terra-cotta arch, which was originally open but has since been closed in. The tower at the right has an entablature with terra cotta decoration below its octagonal pyramidal roof.</p><br>
<p>The buildings interior is of extremely high quality and preservation. It has ornate millwork, moldings, and stained glass, and includes furniture built to match the buildings features. Wooden shelving is built into place between the floor and ceiling.</p><br>
<p>The library was built in part due to the efforts and donations of native son Abner Coburn, who gave land and funding for its construction. The building was designed by Gardiner architect Edwin E. Lewis, and is one of Somerset County&#39;s finest non-residential Queen Anne buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Bailey Allinder House is a historic house located at 301 Skyline Drive in the Park Hill neighborhood of North Little Rock, Arkansas. It is representative of the transition from the Minimal Traditional style to the Ranch style form, yet it also reflects subtle Rustic influences reminiscent of Frank Lloyd Wright&#39;s incorporation of natural materials and setting in the design of his work.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It is a single-story L-shaped structure, fashioned out of sandstone and fieldstone. The house, built in 1948–49, represents a stylistic transition between the pre-World War II minimalist architecture of the early houses in the neighborhood, and more typical Ranch style construction found in later houses. Bailey Allinder was an auto mechanic; his wife was a piano teacher.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 27, 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Amboy Overpass was a historic bridge in North Little Rock, Arkansas. Built in 1941, it carried MacArthur Drive  across the railroad tracks of the Union Pacific Railroad in the northwestern part of the city. It was a twelve-span structure with a total length of 573 ft, whose longest span was 80 ft. The carrying piers and abutments were all fashioned out of reinforced concrete, and a concrete balustrade ran along each side of the deck. Due to structural deficiencies, the bridge was demolished and replaced by a new bridge in 2017.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995, and was delisted in 2022.</p><br>
